Power-transmission system and mechanism.



W. MORRISUII. POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ANDl ME IINISIII.

IISIIB.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4

.In lied Dea. 3, 12H8. 7SHEI1T$-SHLET I I www I I k@ lvw. -M0mfi'Sorn POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND MECHANI'SM.

APPLICATION FILED FEE. I4, 1916.

Paene Dee. 3, 1918.

7 SHEETSSHEET 2:

W. MORRISN.Y

POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND MECHANISNI.

APPLICATION mio FEB.14. 191s.y

l ,285971K Paente Dec.. 3, 1918.

SHEETS-SHEET 3.

W. MORRiSON,

4POWER Tfmsmssslow SYSTEM AND MECHANISM.

APPLCAUON HLED FEE. 14, 19M.

Patented Dec. 3, 1918. 7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4.I .916.

Ptented Dec. 3, M8.

TSHEETS-SHEET 5.

W. MORHSUN. POWER TRANSMSSON SYSTEM AND MECHANISM. APPLICATIQN FILED FEB.14.1916.

1,286?? 17B aented Dfc. 3, 1918 sHEETs-SHEET e.

W. MORRISON.

POWER mANsMlssmN SYSTEM AND MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. I4. 19H5. LQSB' Patented Dec. 8, 1918.

TSHEETS-SHEET 7.

WILLIAM MORRISON, 01?' CHICAG'O, LLNOIS.

POWER-TRANSMISSION SYSTM AND MECHI'HSII.

Specication of Letters atent.

Patenten nee. e, freie.

Application led February 1-, 1916. Serial No, 753.235.

To aZZ whom z'z may concern: j y X Be it known that I, WILLIAM MORRISON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Power-Transmission Systems and Mechanism, of whichv the following is aY specification.

My invention relates to a ower-transmission mechanism, primarily c esigned for automobiles. but capable of use in other relations7 and comprises a speed-changing system in which the speed changes are effected in a semi-automatic manner. lt further relates to the provision of a mechanism which permits the load to be readily disconnected and again connected with the prime mover, without stopping the rotation of the load driving member, this continued rotation having no effect on the prime mover. As

'applied to automobiles, this feature of my invention enables. the automobile to coast, with the engine shaft not in power-transmitting connection; and this ccoasting may take place at any speed, whether in high or lovs7 gear.

My invention further relates to the particular means by which these results are attained. It particularly relates to an electromagnetic control whereby the speed changes are etiected by simply closing and opening the electric circuits to the electromagnets. lt further relates to the means by which the changes ot speed are eiiieoted without noise or jar, and without the necessity of bringing gears into and out of direct engagement.

My invention also relates to the combina.- tion with a speed-changing system having as one element thereof a yielding friction clutch, of flexible or yielding means for transmitting power from the engine shaft to the load, such yielding means being preferably an electromagnetic clutch, such as that of the dynamo-electric generating type shown in my prior patents hereinafter referred to. This combination enables the inftermittent power impulses of a reciprocating engine to be transmitted to the load as a practically uniform and continuous torque, and because of the yielding elements. prevents transmission of shocks or jars from the engine to the load, or vice versa, whether auch shocks and jars occur during the running of the automobile or changing of Speeds in the power transmission.

The invention will be readily understood from the accompanying description and drawings, which are representations of the device as actually used. f A Figure l isa longitudinal transverse sec tion through the device;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on plane H-II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse section on irregular plane lll- H1 of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a detail;

Fig. 5 is an end view of the drum .16

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail vie-w o the clutching teeth of the magnetic clutchl Figs. 7 and 8 are front and sideelevations of clutch ring 30; v Fig. 9 is a cross-section on plane i'X-IX of Fig. l;

Fig. 10 is a detail view of the ermeiairen carrying sleeve;

Fig. 11 is a'detail View of the outer dishdrum;

Fig. 12 is an end view of Fi 11;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged detai view of one of the clutch rollers;

Fig. M is a cross-section on plane XUL-)liver Fig. 1;

Fig.- 15 is a cross-,section on plane XVXV of Fig. l; v

Fig. 16 is a cross-section on plane XVI-XV1 of Fig. 1

Fig. 17 is a cross-section on plane XVH-XVH of Fig. l;

Fig. 18 is a plan View or" the chassis of an automobile equipped with my system.

`Referring to the drawings, the entire mechanism is inclosed in a casing 1, made in sections for lconvenience or" access to the' parts. The casing is liquid tight and, in operation, contains lubricating oil, the casing having at its lower portion a partitioned sediment chamber 6.

The driving shaft 2 extends through. the casing and is journaled at one end in the ball-bearing 3, and at the other in the sleeve 4.-, which is the power-transmitting member, this sleeve 4 being mounted in a ball-bearing 5. The driving shaft may be connected to any suitable source of power, but. in use on an automobile, for which my invention is mainly designed, is preferablylconrreeted to the crank-shaft ot' a variable speed engine through a magnetic clutch, preferably of the dynamo-electric generating type shown in my Patents Nos. 1,126,059, 1,126,060 and 1.126.061. patented January 2G, 1915. 'llo the shaft 2 is keyed a roller-carrying mein ber 7, having in its periphery a series of grooves liaviifigg` bott-oms 'of a gradually increasing radial depth. ln each groove is a roller 8, normally pressed 'toward the deeper portion of the groove by a tlat spring 8". Surrounding this roller-carrying member l is a driving-pinion-carrying sleeve structure, shown asa Whole in Fig. 4;, which constitutes the other member of a roller-clutch. rl`his structure comprises (l) an inner drum 9 surrounding` and bearing on the rollers 8, (2) a sleeve 10 journaled on the shalty 2, and having at its outer end a. flanged abutment ring ll, having fastened thereto plates for the ball-bearings 12, i8, t0 be .later referred to, (3), a second sleeve lil, also journaled on shaft 2, having its outera end a gear l5, and (l) an outer drum l8-liaving an outwardly extending Harige 17 and an inwardly extending Flange 19. Slots 18 are, as shown in 5,. cut radially through the flange and the periphery oit' the drum to receive depending lugs 2l ot a series of annular liet friction rings 20 (Fig. 2).

Surrounding sleeve l0 is a sleeve 22 having at its outer end an annular iiange tearing against roller-bearing l2 and acting as an abutment for a powerful spiral spring 2l. ivhich bears against a sliding' armature structure, shovvn in detail in Fig. l0. L his structure comprises a sleeve 25 having' a flange 25, to which is bolted the ingr-shaped roller-carrying member 2?, to which is also secured the toothed ring 28. The rollers 29 are carried in cavities similar to those already described, and serve as loose clutching elements between the ring 27 and a ring 80 to be later referred to, A. ring 3l fitting onto the ring 2'? completes the armature face and is secured thereto by sere-ws passing through the ring' 27 and into an inner ring,v 32, having an inwardly extending' iiangje 38, which bears against the disks oi' the friction clutch.,

this clutch consisting of disks 2O having lugs' 2l engaging the slots i8 of drum i6, and of disks 34 having lugs 85 engagingr slots 86 in a gear-carrying drum 87, Whose left-hand end'rests on ring 30 Which has lugs 38 also engaging in slots (see Figs. l, '7 and 8).

'The drum 37 carries at its right-hand end a number of shafts 89, bolted to a ring #l0 carried by sleeve The shafts 39 each carry a gear il and va pinion d2, the pinions 42 meshing with a gear il. 'lhe ring' at() is secured to the end ot drum 37, not only hy the shafts 39, but also by additional bolts vThe gear 458 is carried at one end ot sleeve elli, which at its other1 end carries pinion l? which meshes with a number of ltears e8* mounted on the flange 49 of a sliding sleeve ,which also carries the annular armature 51 for the magnet 52. The armature 5l and pole piece 70 are provided with interloelring, teeth, preferably orJv the construction illustrated ,in Fig. 8, but reversely arranged. rlille gear-carryingg` sleeve 50 slides on a sleeve 53 having at one end a ring abutment 5l, between which and the armature tlange 5l ,is mounted a spiral spring Secured in the abutment are pins 56 adapted to engage slots or openings in the end of sleeve 50, thereby preventing relative rotation of the abutment 5l and sleeve 50, While permitting relative longitudinal movement. T he annular plate 57, secured to flange All), has in its edge slot-s 58, With which engage correspondingr teeth 59 on the drum G0, formed las part of the sleeve 4. To this drum G0 is secured an internal gear 6l, With which mesh the gears 48; these gears 47,48 and Gl constituting the reversing' geantrain.

ln Fig. lG are snoivn the preferred torni of teeth for locking the parts in the speedreducing relation. The teeth 28 on ring 27 have inclined portions (38 and abrupt faces 64, vvhile the teeth G5 on the pole-piece 68 or other stationary part of the device have inclined port-ions 6G and abrupt faces 67. illhen the armature ring 2'? is drawn up by energization ci' the magnet 69, if the teeth 28 should strike the inclined portion .66, they vvill slide along until faces 8l engage faces 67, vvhen relative motion of the armature ring 27 and the pole-piece of the magnet 69 secured to the stationary casing is positively and mechanically prevented, the magnet serving mainly to retain the armature in its attracted position against the force or" the spring 24e.

All the rotative parts are arranged With a symmetrical disposition, so that they are practically balanced in lany position.

The system as a Whole comprises (l) a prime mover, such as a gas-engine, (2).,1 yielding connection between the prime mover and the driving shaft, preferably a dynamo-electric clutch of the double rotor type, one rotor connected to the engine shaft and the other to the driving shaft, (3) a Speedehaiiging mechanism, which inturn drives (fl) the propeller shaft, which delivers the power to the rear axle ot' the vehicle in the usual Way, and, preferably, a storage battery. The general arrangement of these parts is shown in 18, in Which l the engine `having its shaft directly conv nected to one ot the rotors ot the dynamoelectric clutch ll. The other rotor is connected as by a flexible leather disk-coupling G, to the driving shaft 2 of the speed-changing mechanism within the casing l. The driven shaft 4 of the speed-changing mechanism is connected by a universal joint H with the propeller shaft l, which is connected by universal joint K with therear axle worm-drive L. M is a box secured to the steering' post and containing switches for controlling the various electric circuits, such as those connected to the dynamo to cause it insert? to start the engine, the circuit to the magnet controlling the low-gear, the circuit to the magnet controlling the reverse-gear, and a controller circuit; 86, 87, 88 and 89 are the handles by which these switches are operated.

N is a box containing the controller mechanism for the dynamo and battery circuits, and may be of the type shown in my application Serial No. 861,769 and No. 861,770, led September 15, 1914.

O, O are the storage batteries and 1? is a dynamo-electric or magnetic clutch preterably of the type shown and described in my prior Patents, Nos. 1,126,059, 1,126,060,

and 1,126,061, patented January 26, 1915,

and need not here be further described.

rlhe operation of the devic is as follows: Direct' (ZMoa-VVhen the parts are in the position shown, the spring 24 has forced the disks of the disk-clutch together, thereby preventing relative movement of the speedreducing gear-train; and the Spring has similarly locked the relatively movable parts of the reversing gear-train, so that the entire mechanism (except the always stationary magnets) within the casing, will rotate with the driving shaft when it 1s operated at such speed as to cause the over-running clutch tolock the sleeves 7 and 9. rEhe sleeve 4 will thus be clutched to and directly driven bylthe driving shaft 2 and have the same direction of rotation. llt will be noted, however, that when the shaft 2 and its ring 7 are stopped or rotated more slowly than the sleeve 9, the whole rotating mechanism is free to continue its rotation over or overrun the-rollers 8, thus permitting the automobile to coast without power. As soon as power is again ,applied to the driving shaft, its speed gradually increases until it becomes equal to that of the rotating load, whereupon it again picks up the load without shock or jar.

Zvw-speed Moa-ln order to bring the speed-reducing gear-train into operation, the magnet 69 is energized and attracts the armature, which causes 'the parts connected thereto to -slide to the left (Fig. 1). movement causes engagement (Figs. 1 and 6) of teeth 28 and 65, thereby locking against rotation sleeve 25, ring 27, and plates 31,'and 32; and also moves ring 33 to the left, thereby relieving the pressure on the i 'friction f disks and permitting relative rotation of the pinion-carrying drum 9 and gear-carrying drum 37. lie, wherithe operation is effected, the shaft 2 is idle or running at a lower speed than the drum 9 (and its connected parts), the Whole system may still 'rotate in the same direction, one overrnnning clutch permitting'the ring ,ditto rotate over the rolls 29 and the otheiypermitting sleeve 9 to rotate over rolls 8; but, as soon as the 4speed ot the driving shaft erzceedsmat of drum 9,

This f `.internal gear free to rotate.

the clutching rolls come into action, whereupon the pinion 15 tries to drive gears 41 and 42 carried by the drum 37, which try to drive gear 43 attached to the load, and the resulting reaction causes ring 30 to tend to move backward, thereby causing the rolls 29 to l-ock together rings 27 and 30, thereby holding'the drum S'rigidly stationary. Power is now transmitted from shaft 2, through the gear-'train 15, 41, 42 and 43, to the load shaft a, which is rotated at reduced speed. This change of speed from high to low operation may be effected at any speed of the driving shaft, and all that is required of the operator is to move a switch to close the electric circuit to the electromagnet 69.

rlhe particular advantage of the outer over-running clutch is that in going from high to low gear, z'. e., with the car going at high speed, and therefore with considerablek momentum, the whole mechanism, even after the pressure on the disks has been relieved, may still continue to rotate forwardly over the rolls 29, and the rolls 8, until the speed of the driving shaft has reached the point required by the new ratio of drive. There is thus obviated the sudden jar which would result it the relatively heavy and rapidly rotating parts were brought to a sudden stop, and time is given for the main shaft to in` crease its speed to the proper point to gradually again pick up the load.

Obviously, the automobile may be permitted to coast While running in low-gear, as well as in high-gear, by shut-tin oil the power; and this ability to coast free y, when occasion offers, has been found to result in a material saving in gasolene.

The inner over-running clutch thus has a triple function: (1) it avoids shock when going from high-gear into low-gear, by permitting the whole mechanism to overrun both clutches, and thereby avoids a tendency to push the motor ahead when making the change; (2) 'jt allowslthe machine to coast on high speed without driving the power mechanism; and (3) in going from low-gear to high-gear, after the speed of the driving shaft has been decreased by shutting oil the power before the change of gear is made, time is allowed for the speed of the driving shaft to be increased until the ing speed is reached. y Y

The reverse rver-To provide a reverse drive of the load-shaft, the magnet 52 is energized, thereby attracting its armature. This movement causes the teeth on the ring of armature 51 to positivelyv engage 'the teeth on pole-piece 70, thereby holding against. rotation the sleeve 50 and flange 49. At the same time, the teeth 58 and 59 are disengaged, thereby leaving the drum 60 and its The pinion 4?, movin in a forward direction, drives, throng the now stationary gears' L18,'the inleo proper clutchgear connection is esiaiiiished.

o avoid iie tendency to siioc" or e?, it

is advisable, iieugh noe I off the power wini lie opeinion is being? eieced, the driving-vn spe d iaeing thereby at once iessened i iia; oi the roe-eting sieeve, whereupon by again peiling; the lu'ofle the power is appiied.

As above pointed ont, this niornenfary closing oi' the tiiroatie is not necessary, perticnleiiy when a yielding connecion suoli as e magnetic or a dynamo-electiic gene/mo ing clutch is used between the prime-mover and driving shaft, as the frictional slip in. the disk.r clutch and 1Liie yieiding or siip in 1die other clutch has iieen found in pincice to readily absorb any shook.

While have described only two speed changes, it is obvious thai; severei speed-e ducinggF trains may be used in series, one driven shaft of one ecing as the diiving shaft @fiile next.

nove described in deaii the acuei mechanism which l' have found in piaciice to be efiective, bue is is iso be understood that my inven-ion is noe, encens as specifin cfr-ily claimed, limited to the pe'rbicuiai de teils of consinciion, as these iney be Widely varied Wiiiouy departing from tile spirit of my invention.

Thus the miler-carryingineinioersY and-27 consituie, with their cooperating parts, one

type of what are known in the ertns overrunning clutches, and i prefer 'io use his type, although i have found in practice time oiier types may be used.

The 'reeh 68 and 25 are shown es locking the copereting poi-is in one dirccion oniy, in order that there may be e. possibiiity of reiezive ioaion in the other diiccion over 'ne inclined faces (i3 and G, case of necessity. These teeth may, however, *ce constructed to iocir in bon directions.

Or the holding power of the magne may be so proportioned as io obvia'e eitogeibnei the use of locking teeh.

I claim:

` i. In a power-transmission mechanism, n rotatable speed-changing gear system, s friction clntclnn stationary eiecromnffnet, a movable armature member arranged @so en'- gage said clnoh, e spring normali); pressing said armature member against said clutch,

sure on the oiutcii, said device having means i fos mechanicaiiy preventing mention oi one of iie released members.

3. in a power-transmission mechanism, not-ambie dioiving ymember having a pinion, e rotatable diiven member having gee?, n speed-changing mechanism connecting seid pinion and gear eomnrising e roassbie carrying meinbei, i spring-messed iriceion cinch connecting the driving member and clu'ocii, means for locking seid ro'eieine carrying member eff-einst rotation compsing s steionaiy iocing; element and a. ro etabie spring-carrying iocl-ring eiemen, and an o.'ei-running clutch bei-Ween 'the i-otambie iocl-:ing eieinene and iiie roeoiiefay.

carrying men'roei'.

O5. in a power-transniission mechanism, s rotateioie driving member, a rotetabie driven member, gear trein foi ransmit'ing nioien from one to "one einer, a driving siiae, and an over-running cin'cii between ibae driving 'shaft and driving' niembei for drivingn tile driving member fiom the drivingA sioni.

(i. o, power-transmission mechanism, e. rotatabie driving member, :iv rotstenle driven member, a. gearing for transniieting motion fiom one to the other, rf ro'vetoiiie member enrrying said gearing, n. ro-eteiole clutch 'o'r holding against relative rotation the driving' member and member, a. driving shaft und an over-cininingg clutch between the driving shaft, end driving member.

T. in s. po\vei'-transmission n'xecilanisin, e

the rontable carrying member, ineens io? o pre- Y geerycariying l ineen/1r rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven member, gearing for transmitting motion from one to the other, a rotatable member carrying said gearing, a rotatable clutch for holding against relative rotation the driving member and gear-carrying member, a' driving shaft, an overgrunning cintch between the driving shaft andI driving member, and means for releasing the rotatabie clutch A1nd ,holding against rotation one member of the gearing.

8. ln la power'transmission mechanism, a rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven member, gearing for transmitting motion from one tothe other, a member carrying said gearing, a friction chitch for holding against relative rotation the driving member and gear-carrying member, a driving shaft, an over-running clutch between the driving shaft and driving member, and means for releasing the friction clutch and holding against rotation one member of the gearing.

9. In a power-transmission mechanism, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a speed changing gearing system arranged to rotate as a whole about said driving shaft, and an overrunning clutch connection between the driving shaft and said speed changing system for driving the speed changing system from the driving shaft.

l0. lin a gear-transmission system, a driving shart, a driving member for the gear `system having a pinion, and an overrnnning clutch between the shaft and driving member, whereby the gear system may be timed prior to changing gear ratios and coasting of the load is permitted without driving the driving shaft.x

il. ln powertransmission mechanism, a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a speedchanging gear system arranged to rotate as Y'a whole about said driving shaft, means for holding against rotation one element of the speedgchanging gear, and an over-running clutch between said element and said holding means.

i2. lin a ower-transmission mechanism, a driving s aft, a driven shaft, a speedchanging gear system arranged to rotate as a whole about said driving shaft, means for holding against rotation one element of the speed-changing gear, an over-running clutch between said element and said holding means, and a second over-running clutch between the driving shaft and the rotating` gear system.

13. in' a power-'transmission mechanism,

a'rotatable speed-changing system, means for locking a member' of said system against rotation, said means comprising stationary and movable elements having coperating locking devices and also a roller clutch between said movable elementV and said memr, said clutch permitting rotation in one direction only, whereby said rotatable memon said movable element when locked, but

rotation in the opposite direction is prevented.

ifi. in a power-transmission niechanism, a rotatable speed-changing system, means for locking a member of said system against rotation, said means comprising stationary and movable elements having coperating locking devices and also a roller clutch between said movable clement and said meniber, said clutch permitting rotation in one direction only, the several locking devices each constructed to prevent rotation of the element held, in the power-transmitting direction, whereby said rotatablel member is permitted to rotate in one direction on said movable element when locked, but rotation in the opposite direction is prevented.

l5. ln a power-transmission mechanism, a rotatable speed-changing system, means for holding a member of said system against rotation, said means comprising a stationary electromagnet and movable armature, a stationary member and the armature having coperating locking devices, and also a roller clutch between said armature and said member, said clutch permitting rotation in one direction only, whereby said member is permitted to rotate in one direction on said armature when held, but not to rotate in a reverse direction.

16. In a speed-changing mechanisinthe combination of a shaft, a sleeve structure surrounding said shaft having thereon a driving pinion and a flanged drum provided with slots for engaging a set of friction rings, a second slotted drum provided with slots for engaging a second set of friction rings, the sets of rings being alternately arranged and bearing at one end on thelange of the iirst drum, gears carried by said sec- ".,e'gainst the pressure of the spring.

v '17. ln a speed-changing mechanism, the combination of a shaft, a sleeve structure snrrounding said shaft having thereon a driving pinion and a flanged drum provided `with slots for engaging a set of friction rings, a second slotted drum provided with slots for engaging a second set of friction rings, the sets of rings being alternately ,arranged and bearing at one end on the .ange of the first drum, gears carried by Asaid second drum in engagement with the pinion on the iirst drum, a spring-pressed sliding ring surrounding said rst sleeve and ybearing against the other end of said sets of friction, rings, and a stationary electromagnet for withdrawing said ring against the pressure of the spring and leo inserm operating rotation-preventing means on said ring and electromagnet.

18. In a speed-changing mechanism, the combination of a shaft, a sleeve structure surrounding said shaft having thereon a dri rving pinion and a ianged drum provided with slots for engaging a set of friction rings, a second slotted drum provided with slots for engaging a second set of friction rings, the sets of rings being alternately arranged and bearing at one end on thc'iiange of the rst drum, gears carried by said second drumdn engagement with the pinion on the iirst drum, a spring-pressed sliding .ring surrounding said first sleeve and bearing against the other end of said sets of friction rings, means for withdrawing said ring against the pressure of the spring, and an over-running clutch connecting the shaft and sleeve structure.

19. in a speed-changing mechanism, the combination of a shaft, a sleeve s"rnctnre surrounding said shaft having thereon a driving pinion and a flanged drum provided with slots for engaging a ,et of friction rings, a second slotteddrum provided with slots for engaging a second set of friction rlngs, the sets of rings being alternately arranged andA bearing at one end on the flange of the rst drum, gears carried by said second drum in engagement with the pinion on the first drum, a spring-pressed slidingring surrounding said first sleeve and bearing against the other end of said sets of friction rings, a stationary electromagnet withdrawing said ring against the pressure of the spring, cooperating rotationpreventing means on said ring and a stationary member and an over-running clutch connecting the shaft and sleeve structure.

20. A power-transmission mechanism comprising a casing, a shaft extending therethrough, a speed-changing mechanism rotatable as a whole about said shaft and comprising a driving member and a driven member, each sleeved on said shaft, gearing connecting the driving and driven members and including a spring-pressed friction clutch, and means carried by the casing for withdrawing said' spring and holding against rotation one member of the gearing to cause the driving and driven members to rotate at different speeds.

2l. A power-transmission mechanism comprisisng a casing, a shaftlextending there-` through, a speed-changing mechanism rotatable as w Lole about said shaft and comprismg a driving member and a driven member, each sleeved on said shaft, an overrunning clutch connecting the shaft and driving member, gearing connecting the driving and driven members and including a spring-pressed friction clutch, and means ufed by the casing for withdrawing said ,shaft and the load shaft.

i power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other to the power shaft, and a speed-chang- .ing mechanism having as one element there- Y of a yielding friction clutch, connecting the power-shaft and the load-shaft.

24:. il. power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, al load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected 'to' the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the' power shaft and load shaft comprising a rotatable speed-changing gear system, a friction clutch, a stationary electromagnet, a movable armature member arranged to engage said clutch, a spring'normally pressing said. armature member against said clutch, and cooperating teeth on the armature and a. stationary member to prevent rotation of said armature member, whereby energizing the magnet opens the clutch and looks the armature against rotation, and deenergizing the 'magnet automatically locks the clutch.

25. A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a. load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor conneeted to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft and load shaft comprising a rotatable speed-changing gear system comprising members connected by a multipledisli clutch, a spring arranged to normally apply pressure against the disks of said clutch, and an electromagnetic device for overpowering the spring to relieve the pressure on the clutch, said device having' means for mechanically preventing rotation of one of the released members. A

26. A power-transmission system comprising e prime mover, a power shaft, a load' resem? changing train connecting said pinion and gear, a rotatable member carrying said train, a spring-pressed friction clutch connecting the driving'member and the train-carrying member, means for overcoming the spring pressure to open the clutch, and means for locking said train-carrying member against rotation comprising a stationary locking element and a rotatable spring-carrying locking element. i

27. A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft. and load shaft comprising a rotatable driving member having a pinion, a rotatable driven member having a. gear, a speed-changing train connect-ing said pinion and gear, a rotatable member carrying said train, a spring-pressed friction clutch connecting the driving member and the train-carrying member, means for overcoming the spring pressure. to open the clutch, means for locking said train-carrying member against rotation comprising a stationary locking element and a rotatable spring-carrying locking element, and an over-running clutch between the rotatable locking element and the rotatable train-carrying member.

28. A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power sha-ft, a load shaftfa dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to thepower shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft and load shaft comprising a rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven member, gearing' for transmitting' motion from one to the other, a driving shaft, and an over-running clutch between the driving shaft and driving member.

29. A power-transmission system comprising aI prime mover, a powervshaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to rthe power shaft and a ltransmission mechanism between the power shaft and load shaft comprising a rotatable driving member, a rotatable dri-ven member, gearing for transmitting motion from one to the other, a rotatable member carrying said gearing, a .rotatable clutch for holding against relative rotation the driving member and gearcarrying member, a driving shaft and an over-running clutch between the driving shaft and driving member.

302 A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to rthe prime mover and the ,y other rotor connected to the power sha-ft and a transmission mechanism between the porter l shaftand load shaft comprising a. rota-table driving member, a rotatable driven member, gearing for transmitting motion from one to the other, a rotatable member carrying said gearing, a rotatable clutch for holding against relative rotation the driving member and gear-carrying member, a driving shaft, an over-running clutch between the driving shaft and driving member, and means for releasing the rotatable-clutcli and holding against rotation one member of the gearing.

31. A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a. dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between thepower shaft and load shaft comprising a rotatable driving member, a rotatable driven member, gearing for transmitting motion from one to the other, a member carrying said gearing, a friction clutch for holding against rela-tive rotation the driving member and gear-carrying member, a driving shaft, an over-running clntch between the driving shaft and driving member, and means for releasing the friction clutch and holding against rotation one member of the gearing.

A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected tothe prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between 'the power shaft and load shaft comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a motion-transmi'tting gearing system arranged to rotate as a whole vabout"said'driving shaft, and an over-running clntch connection between the driving shaft and said mot-ion-transmittilng svstem.

33. A power-transmissiom/system comprising a prime mover, a. pow''r shaft, a load shaft, a dynamoeiectric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft and load shaft comprising. a driving shaft, a driving member for the gear system having a. pinion, and an over-running clutch between the shaft and driving member, whereby the gea-r system may be timed prior 'to changing gea-r ratios and coasting of the load is permitted without'drivingthe driving shaft.

34. A power-transmission system compris ing a prime mover, a power -shaft, a load shaft, a dynamofelectric clutch having one rotor connectedv to'the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft and load shaft comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a speedv kchanging gear system arranged to rotate as is4 other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power sha;ut and load shaft comprising a driving shaft, a driven shaft, a speed changing gear system arranged to rotate as a whole about said driving shaft, means tor holding against rotation one element of the speed-changing gear, an over-runnin clutch between. said element and said holding means, and a second over-running clutch between 'the driving shaft and the rotating gear system.

36. A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft andload shaft comprisingz arotatahle speed-changing system, means for locking a member of said system against rotation, said means comprising stationary and movable elements having cooperating locking devices and also a roller clutch `between said movable element and said member, said clutch permitting' rotation in one direction only, whereb)7 -said rotatable member is permitted to rotate in one direction on said movable eiement when locked, but rotation in the opposite direction is prevented,

37. A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a @finnois-electric clutch, having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the -power shaft and load shaft comprising a rotatable speed-changing system, means for lockingn member of said system against rotation, said mea-ns comprising stationary and movable elements having cooperating locking devices and also a roller clutch between said movable element and said member, said clutch permitting rotation in-ono direction only, the severai locking devices each con-I structed to prevent rotation of the element held.y in the power-transmitting direction, whereby said rotatable member is permitted to rotate in one direction on said movable eiement when locked, but rotation in the opposite direction is prevented.

38. A power-transmission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one otor'connectedto the prime mover and the es other rotor connected to the power shaft and eti Gli

a transmission mechanism between the power shaft and ioad shaft comprising a rotatable speed-changing system, means or locking,` a member ot said system against rotation, said means comprising' a stationary electroniagnet and .movable armature, a station ry member andthe armature having cooperating locking devices, and also a roller clutch between said armature and said meniber, said clutch permitting rotation in one direction only, wherebyv said member is perl mit-ted to rotate in one direction on said armature when locked but not to rotate in a reverse direction.

39. A power-transnxission system comprising a prime mover, apower shaft, a load shaft, a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft and load shaft comprising a casing, a shaft extending therethrough, a speed-changing` mechanism rotatable as a whole about said shaft and comprising a driving member and a driven member, cach sleeved on said shaft, gearing connecting the driving and driven members and including a spring-pressed friction clutch, and means carried by lthe casing for withdrawing said spring' and holding against rotation. one member of the gearing to cause the driving and driven members to rotate at diiierent speeds.

e0. power-transinission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft` a dynamo-electric clutch having one rotorlconncctcd to the priinc mover and thc other rotor connected to 'the power shaft and a transmission mechanism between the power shaft and load shaiit comprising` a casing, a shaft efitenrgling' theretlu'ough, a speed-raining'- ing mechanism rotatable as a whole about said shaft and comprisiit;l a driving' member and a d iven member, each sleeved ou said shaft, an over-ruiming clutch connecting the shaft and driving member, gearing connecting the driving and driven members and including a spring-pressed 'friction clutch, and means carried by the casinev for witlnlrawing said spring and holding' against rotation one nicniber ot' the gearing; to cause the driving and driven members to rotate at diii'crcnt speeds.

lil. A power-translnission system comprising a prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a d vnamo-electric clutch having `one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft and a transmission mechanism bctwieen lthe power `shaft and load shaft comprisiligg;`l electroinagnet and an armature and 'copfe fating means on a stationary member and armature for positively locking' the armature to the magnet against rotation.

e2. ln a power-transmission mechanism/af i heid, but rotation in tire'. opposite riirection is prevented.

13. in a povrer-transmission mechanism, a rotataoie speed-chanbing system, means for holding a meer oit said system against :otation, s means comprising; starionmk'7 ini inovabie ments roiier ciirtrh te tween sani niovab: and sani meniber, said ciiitcii i, e' rotation in one direction oniy, the hoiing devices each eonstrnctel to prevent rotation ot the fi in the poiventrensinittini; di-

eiement heir rectioa. Wiierebv said rotata'oie member is permitted to otete in one direction on sait?A inoveiiie eienient when heid, but rotation in the opoosito direction is prevented.

if. in e. power-transmission mechanism. e rotetaiiie spoed-changing system, means for homing a mem-oer of seid system against rotation, said nie ns comprising a stationair,7 eiectroniagrnet id movable armature, euri aiso a roiier eiutoii between said armeture anti seid member, said ciiltch permitting ro- 'tation in one (irection oniy, whereby said nieniiier is permitteci to rotate in one direction on sairi armature when heid, but not to rotate in a reverse direction.

L25. it, power ansinission system comprisa prime mover. a power shaft, a load shaft, a iiyl'ianio-eiectrie eintcii haring' one rotor connected to the prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power shaft anti a transn'ii sion mechanism between the power shaft and ioafi siiaift Comprising a rotetabio speeri-eiiangfing system, means for iioifiing a member ot said system against rotation, said ineen: Comprising statioiiziryanri moi/H abie. eienienis and aiso a roiiericiutcii between said movable eieinent and said member, saifi clutch 'permitting rotation in, one direction only, 'whereby said rotatable member is pen mitted to rotate in one direction on said. movable element when heid, but rotation in the opposite iiirection is prevented.

4G. power-transinisson system conrprising` a prime mover, a power shaft, a load si'it, a dynamo-electric clutch haring one rotor connected to tire prime mover and the other rotor connected to the power siratt enc?. a transmission rna'ziianisnr between ti a power shaft :fiori ioari shafteomnising a rotataoie simeri-changing s v ein, ineens; for

st iioifiing a member of seiff, sj, stein against ro tation, said means comprising stationery and movable elements end eiso e rioiier 'clutch between said movable element. and

means for ie mover, a povverfshaft, a tiyrianiooiectric cintch having eonrected to the prime mover connected to tiiepower 'ssion mechanism besnait and loiret shaft conirotateiiie speertchanging system,

l newer Y ion, said comprising a stations.:Y l'romagnet and movable armature, ano ai o a roiier clutch between said armature :uni said member, .said clutch permitting,- retation in one direction c ily, whereby said member is permitted to rotate in one direction on said armature When held, out not to rotate is a reverse direction.

A power-transmission system comprisf ing av prime mover, a power shaft, a load shaft, a yielding; connection between the orin'le more? and'. the power shaft, and a peedriianging mechanism, having as one lenient thereof a yielding' friction clutch anni aiso en over-running clutch, connecti155 the power shaft and the load shaft.

fr pcwer-transinissio`system com 4isin5 a prime mover, a power shaft, a load i riynaino-eieetric eiutca having one connected to the prime mover and l other to r power shaft, and e speedcnangingff in. having,Y as one element thereof a, yiciiiino; Ytric ion clutch, and also an orer-r r clutch, connecting the the ioad shaft. A

iission system comprisprime lmiser, power shaft, a load a yieiriing eonnsetion between the i n'lover ami the power shaft, and a speedwiianging'A nieeaanisn'i, having as one oie-nient thereof a vleidino friction clutch l a ing` a 'primo mover, a power shaft, ioad shaft, a (ivnaino-eiectric clutch having' one rotor connected to the prime mover and the@ other to the 'power shaft, and e speed changing mechanism having as one-'element tiiereoie a yieiriing friction chit-ch sind also CJ; a member oi' said system over-running eiutcies, connecting the power shaft and tiro ioaci strait. f4

52, A pianetry gear system comprising two or more revoinbife members,` interniesii ing gears mounted on these revoinoie inem- 'bers, means for locking the revoiuiiie memeers rotate together with gems in mesh,

and electro-magnetic means for unlocking these members and holding one member against rotation While the other can be rotated through the gears.

. A planetary gear system comprising a driving shaft, a driving gear, gear-carry- Y tei-meshing gears mounted on these revoluble members, means for locking the revoluble members to rotate together with gears in mesh, and electro-magnetic means for imlocking these members and holding one member against rotation While the other can be rotated through the gears.

'55. A speed-changing gear system comprising a driving sha-ft, a driving gear, gear-carrying members revolubly mounted on said shaft, gears mounted on the revoluble members, all the gears being in mesh, means for locking the gear-carrying members together comprising a spring-pressed armature, and a stationary electro-magnet for disengaging the lock and holding stationar7 one of the gear-carrying members,

56. A speed-changing gear system comlprising a` driving shaft, a driving gear, gearcarrying members revolubly mounted on said shaft, Vgears mounted on said members, means comprising an electro-magnetic system having one element thereof constructed to lock the gear-carrying members against relative rotation and another element 'for disengaging the lock and holding against rotation one of the gear-carrying members.

57. A driving shaft and a driven shaft connected through a series of speed-chang ing gear systems, each system comprising a driving member, a driven member, gears connecting such members, spring controlled means for holding the gears against relative rotation, and electromagnetic means for holding one element of the system against rotation.

58. A driving shaft and a driven shaft connected through a series of speedrhangving gear systems, each system comprising a Y having electrical means for unlocking and holding ragainst rotation one member of the gear-train which tends to rotate in a reverse direction, thereby producing the change ot' speed. l

' 60. A power shaft and a load driving shaft connected throughr a series of `speedchanging gear-systems; each systemhaving spring controlled means for locking the gears against relative rotation to thereby transmit power at unchanged speed in a given direction, and electrical means-fior unlocking and holding against rotationbne member ot' the gear-train which tends to rotate in a reverse direction, whereby the speed change is produced the driven member ot each gear system connected to act as the driving niember ot a succeedlng system,

whereby each system may act individually or in combination with others.

in testimony whereof I thx my signature.

WILLIAM M( RRlS( XN. 

